What defines a substance use disorder?

A substance use disorder is defined as a condition characterized by compulsive substance use, leading to significant impairment or distress. This definition is comprehensive and encompasses the core components of addiction, including the inability to control or reduce consumption, the development of tolerance, and the presence of withdrawal symptoms. Individuals with a substance use disorder often continue using the substance despite knowing the negative consequences it brings to their lives, such as social, occupational, or health problems.

In contrast, the other choices do not capture the essence of a substance use disorder. A temporary phase of substance experimentation does not imply the persistent and compulsive behavior associated with a disorder. Similarly, an inability to quit smoking may indicate nicotine dependence but does not necessarily encompass all aspects of a substance use disorder, which can involve various substances beyond just nicotine. Finally, social or recreational use of substances typically implies controlled and non-problematic engagement, which fundamentally differs from the compulsive behavior seen in substance use disorders.